夜航船

历史的三重不透明

我们看到事件的结果,却看不见产生事件的机制。塔勒布把人理解历史时的三种毛病列在一起:以为自己理解了,事后重排因果,过高估计事实信息与权威判断的价值。

History is opaque. You see what comes out, not the script that produces events, the generator of history.

1. The illusion of understanding, or how everyone thinks he knows what is going on in a world that is more complicated (or random) than they realize

2. The retrospective distortion, or how we can assess matters only after the fact, as if they were in a rearview mirror

3. The overvaluation of factual information and the handicap of authoritative and learned people, particularly when they create categories—when they “Platonify.”

事后重排因果的部分由 Hindsight Bias 后见之明 展开;权威与分类带来的确信,分别通向 公开信息很少给所有读者带来优势把地图当成领土会制造知识幻觉

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