去中心化：限制错误的扩散半径

去中心化首先是一种风险安排。多个地方分别尝试时，一处判断错误，不必让所有地方同时付出代价。成功的做法可以被模仿，失败的损失先留在局部。

这与 风险对称：收益与损失应落回同一决策者 直接相关。地方决策者离具体后果更近，也更难把错误解释成一个遥远的统计数字。尺度效应：群体规模会改变合作规则 则补上另一层，同一套制度扩大以后，信息和责任都会变化。

集中也有自己的用途。传染病防控、国防和大型基础设施需要跨地区协调。问题要拆开看：哪些事情必须统一，哪些错误绝不能同时扩散到所有地方。

《Skin in the Game》原文：

Well, we have no choice but to decentralize or, more politely, to localize; to have fewer of these immune decision makers. Decentralization is based on the simple notion that it is easier to macrobull*t than microbull*t. Decentralization reduces large structural asymmetries. But not to worry, if we do not decentralize and distribute responsibility, it will happen by itself, the hard way: a system that doesn’t have a mechanism of skin in the game, with a buildup of imbalances, will eventually blow up and self-repair that way. If it survives.

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