夜航船

恰到好处的表扬,不会变成做事的理由

Michelle Obama 记母亲 Marian 的教养姿态,是一种她后来觉得高明又几乎学不来的中性。母亲不跟着孩子的高低起伏走,不急着评判,也不急着插手,只是安静在场,看着一天里的挫败或得意。

My mother maintained the sort of parental mind-set that I now recognize as brilliant and nearly impossible to emulate—a kind of unflappable Zen neutrality.

When things were bad, she gave us only a small amount of pity. When we'd done something great, we received just enough praise to know she was happy with us, but never so much that it became the reason we did what we did.

最见分寸的是最后一句。表扬给够,让孩子知道母亲高兴;但绝不给过,免得表扬本身变成孩子做这件事的理由。

这恰好是 外在理由越少,人越需要说服自己 的另一半。那张卡说外在理由太弱时,人会向内找解释;这里是反过来防着外在理由太强:一旦奖赏和夸奖足够解释行为,人就不再需要内在的动机,做事会退化成为了那份夸奖。母亲把表扬压在"刚好够"的位置,是替孩子把动机的归属留在他们自己身上。

Michelle Obama,《Becoming

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